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Part I: introduction to FOXO transcription factors Classification and structure of FOXO proteins FOXO transcription factors form a subclass of the large family of Forkhead proteins characterized by the
Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
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Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
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STAR gene has been proposed to be regulated by a multitude of DNA-binding and/or -associating transcription factors ( Fig. 1 ), working alone or in combination ( Fig. 2 ), and that interact with regulatory sequences in the STAR promoter with either
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these results to publicly available data on the genomic binding of several other islet-enriched transcription factors, in order to determine whether GLIS3 regulates pancreatic beta cell gene transcription by binding to distinct regulatory hubs with other
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Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology and Infertility, RCTC, IBST, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Kwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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( Hagglund et al . 1999 ). Etv4 transcription factors belong to superfamily of E26 transformation-specific (Ets) transcription factors. The Ets transcription factors regulate expression of target genes by binding to a ∼10 bp element in the promoters of
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Introduction Transcription factors (TFs) are central to almost every fundamental cellular process ( Latchman 2008 , Ladunga 2010 ) and account for ∼5–10% of genes in eukaryotes ( Reece-Hoyes et al . 2005 , Adryan & Teichmann 2006 , Ho et al
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Endocrine Unit, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Thier 1051, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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orthologs of the Drosophila gene glial cells missing) is a transcription factor which is exclusively expressed during embryonic development in the parathyroid-specific domain that later gives rise to the parathyroid glands ( Kim et al . 1998 , Günther
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( Kioussi et al . 1999 ), Tpit ( Lamolet et al . 2001 ) and Prop1 ( Sornson et al . 1996 ). Figure 2 Temporal and spatial activation of pituitary transcription factors. In response to the BMP2–FGF8 ventral–dorsal gradient, pituitary cell lineages are
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Introduction Transcription factors of the forkhead (FOXO) family of DNA-binding proteins are involved in regulation of diverse cellular functions, such as differentiation, metabolism, proliferation, and survival (for review see
Group on Hormones and Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
Laboratory of Genomic Applications, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
Department of Oncological Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
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Group on Hormones and Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
Laboratory of Genomic Applications, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
Department of Oncological Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
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Group on Hormones and Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
Laboratory of Genomic Applications, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
Department of Oncological Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
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Group on Hormones and Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
Laboratory of Genomic Applications, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
Department of Oncological Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
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Group on Hormones and Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
Laboratory of Genomic Applications, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
Department of Oncological Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
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Group on Hormones and Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
Laboratory of Genomic Applications, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
Department of Oncological Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
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Group on Hormones and Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
Laboratory of Genomic Applications, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
Department of Oncological Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
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flanking the transcription start site is extremely GC-rich, and contains numerous potential binding sites for transcription factor Sp1, a zinc-finger-containing nuclear protein that has been shown to strongly transactivate the IGF-IR promoter ( Beitner
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. 2002 a , b ), also play a vital role in determining and fine-tuning the transcriptional responses in target cells. Furthermore, certain factors have emerged as important for safeguarding genomic integrity and tissue homeostasis during these rapid cycles