Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in inflammation control

in Journal of Endocrinology
Authors:
P Delerive
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JC Fruchart
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, and
B Staels
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1690453
Volume/Issue:
Volume 169: Issue 3
Article Type:
Other
Page Range:
453–459
Online Publication Date:
01 Jun 2001
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. PPARalpha is highly expressed in liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, heart and the vascular wall. PPARgamma is predominantly detected in adipose tissue, intestine and macrophages. PPARs are activated by fatty-acid derivatives and pharmacological agents such as fibrates and glitazones which are specific for PPARalpha and PPARgamma respectively. PPARs regulate lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, glucose homeostasis, cell proliferation and differentiation, and apoptosis. PPARalpha controls intra- and extracellular lipid metabolisms whereas PPARgamma triggers adipocyte differentiation and promotes lipid storage. In addition, PPARs also modulate the inflammatory response. PPAR activators have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory activities in various cell types by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory genes such as cytokines, metalloproteases and acute-phase proteins. PPARs negatively regulate the transcription of inflammatory response genes by antagonizing the AP-1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), signal transducer and activator of transcription and nuclear factor of activated T-cells signalling pathways and by stimulating the catabolism of proinflammatory eicosanoids. These recent findings indicate a modulatory role for PPARs in inflammation with potential therapeutical applications in chronic inflammatory diseases.

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Print ISSN:
0022-0795
Online ISSN:
1479-6805
Page(s):
7
Article Type:
Other
Print Publication Date:
01 Jun 2001
Online Publication Date:
01 Jun 2001